Using A Conventional Biological Filter Essay - 2143 Words

Instead of using a conventional biological filter in your backyard or garden pond, consider making your own natural pond filter out of aquatic plants. A natural pond filter is far less expensive to maintain because it does not require any electricity to keep it running, unlike other types of pond filters. This also makes a natural pond filter safer for any fish or plants in your pond because there is less chance for electrical accidents or malfunctions. Natural pond filters add to the natural ecosystem of your garden pond, with the plant life serving as food for any fish you have inside the pond. Natural garden pond filters: Better algae control A natural pond filter can also be more effective than a traditional filter because it can remove more types of algae and weed material. Most biological garden pond filters only catch the blooms of algae that float through the water, but cannot always eliminate blanket weed material that is stuck to the pond s sides or bottom. A natural bog- type pond filter controls algae in the entire pond by competing with the unwanted plants for nitrates in the water. Natural garden pond filters: Disadvantages There are some disadvantages to using a natural pond filter as well. Depending on the type of plants used and the fish in your pond, the natural ecosystem may need more maintenance than a traditional biological filter would. The plants in your pond filter must be trimmed and kept under control and any dead foliage should be removedShow MoreRelatedThe Solution For Pollution Mitigation1152 Words   |  5 Pagesnational, state, and local government regulations. Methods of treatment in which the application of physical forces predominate are known as unit operations. Methods of treatment in which the removal of contaminants is brought about by chemical or biological reactions are known as unit processes. At the present time, unit operations and processes are grouped together to provide various levels of treatment known as preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Preliminary treatment consistsRead MoreEffects Of Urbanisation On The Hydrology Of A Catchment1203 Words   |  5 Pageswas designed to allow water through a surface that would have usually be impermeable, they are generally used on pathways, lawns and roads that only take light vehicle movements. They essentially reduce surface water run-off, which traps solids and filters some pollutants from the water, they also give urban trees the chance to grow to full size by giving them adequate space for the roots to grow. Swales are shallow vegetated channels designed specifically to store run off water and reduce pollutantsRead MoreWaste Water Treatment7313 Words   |  30 Pagesfrom wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally-safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer). Using advanced technology it is now possible to re-use sewage effluent for drinking water, although Singapore is the onlyRead MoreTaking a Look at Cryogel Bioreactors1379 Words   |  5 Pagesinterdependent of each other, allowing near effortless diffusion of solutes of any size which may be needed and also mass transport of nanoparticles and microparticles. The structures of cryogels make them appealing matrices for chromatography of biological na noparticles and may even be useful for whole cells. The structure of these cryogels allow for great osmotic, mechanical and chemical stability which is what makes them so attractive to use. Polymeric cryogels are efficient carriers for the immobilizationRead MoreProcessing And Disposal Of Produced Water3072 Words   |  13 Pagesproduced water Proposal This project will be about the current technologies which are used in processing and disposal of produced water in the oil and gas industry. Produced water is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical, and biological methods. In offshore platforms because of space constraints, compact physical and chemical systems are used. This research will discuss different technologies of namely how to beneficially treat and dispose the produced water in order to eliminateRead MoreDifferent Background Of Wastewater Treatment Essay2142 Words   |  9 Pagesnational, state, and local government regulations. Methods of treatment in which the application of physical forces predominate are known as unit operations. Methods of treatment in which the removal of contaminants is brought about by chemical or biological reactions are known as unit processes. At the present time, unit operations and processes are grouped together to provide various levels of treatment known as preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Preliminary treatment consistsRead MoreIv Essay945 Words   |  4 Pagesprevalence states. The National Integrated Biological Behavioral Surveillance Survey (IBBS) conducted during 2014-15 by India’s National AIDS Control Organization, across 31 States/ Union Territories, overcame this dearth of bio-behavioural information(5). It generated the first ever and recent most nationally representative biological and behavioural data for several Indian states for which such comprehensive estimates had not been available earlier. Using data collected from the National IBBS, 2014-15Read MoreDgs Is More Advantageous Than Pbg Or Ebg Structures1387 Words   |  6 Pageshigher precision with rectangular shaped defect structures. Therefore it is very good option to extend its practical applications. In my project, I have designed and simulated microstrip patch antenna at operating frequency 2.4GHz using HFSS software .It has Substrate (FR4) having dielectric constants of 4.4.I have designed single patch antenna without DGS, 2x1 array antenna and 4x1 array antenna without DGS ,4x1 array antenna with DGS (Dumbbell shaped , Double Circular shaped, E-shaped)Read MoreEssay on Water Treatment Process1124 Words   |  5 Pagessuspended solids will settle in the tank over a few hours and then it is removed using either mechanical scrapers, or pumped. Surface skimmer is used to remove floatable substances which are located on the tank’s surface (Shun, 2007). Then, the water treatment process enters the most significant stage in a conventional water treatment plant that is the filtration process. The filtration process passes water through a porous filter medium or media, at low speed to separate suspended matter from water. FiltrationRead MoreThe Resource Of Tap Water854 Words   |  4 Pagesquality of the water (Water, 2014). Before the system of water treatment was adopted, drinking water was often contaminated with bacteria which led to water-borne illnesses such as cholera and typhoid. The concept of treating water was adopted in India using the technique of sunlight to destroy bacteria, charcoal filtering and storage of drinking water in copper compartments (Water, 2013). The city of Toronto receives their tap water from Lake Ontario and is filtered through Toronto’s four Treatment Plants

Agriculture, And The Associated Consumption Of Food

1. Issue Overview Agriculture, and the associated consumption of food, has been identified as one of the principal drivers of environmental degradation (Robinson Harris 2012; UNEP 2010; Brown 2012), with industrial scale agriculture being of particular concern (Robinson Harris 2012: 135); subsistence agriculture tends to have little environmental impacts, although some alteration to natural landscapes do take place (Robinson Harris 2012: 135). Since the Green Revolution, these industrial crop systems have aimed to maximise the productivity of the land through the inputs of new technologies (ibid: 135). Such productivity increases are arguably necessary in view of the rising global population, with consumer demands only just being met (Figure 1.). However, this intensification is also unsustainable, and is associated with a number of environmental pressures, most notably soil degradation, habitat changes, climate change, excess water use, and pollution (Robinson Harris 2012; Brown 2012; UNEP 201 0; WWF n.d.). Soil degradation resulting from excess tillage is an impact of particular concern, as good quality soil is essential for land productivity (Robinson Harris 2012: 137). Irrigation, along with artificial fertiliser use, has been successfully used to combat both natural and anthropogenic decreases in soil fertility. However, irrigation may also lead to unsustainable water use and salinization, while fertilisers may result in pollution through runoff andShow MoreRelatedOrganic vs. Conventional Farming: An Anthology757 Words   |  3 Pagespaper makes claims that most Corn,  livestock and poultry produced in the United States of America is done organically. In addition, he exonerates the farmer from blame in the use of fossil fuel in food production. Pollan, believes that American food production should not be industrialized and that food should be sourced from family owned farms. Hurst delves deeper into this issue citing examples of many of his counter parts in the agricultural sector applying traditional farming techniques. He alsoRead MoreMeat Production : Greenhouse Gas And Water Usage1119 Words   |  5 Pagesannouncement brings increased attention to the matter. In addition to the human health effects of eating meat, there are also significant environmental impacts—greater than any other type of food—to supporting the desire to consume meat and dairy. Raising livestock for animal products requires a lot of land, water, food, and energy. Further, waste water, manure, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers pollute the air, streams, rivers, and oceans. There are a number of different types of livestock thatRead MoreHuman Geography : Increasing Population And Agriculture1123 Words   |  5 PagesPopulation Agriculture Increasing human population and industrial agriculture go hand and hand. Currently, there are 7.4 billion people in the world and it continues to grow rapidly and the demand to meet the needs for our growing population remains to be an overwhelming task. Agriculture is the practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products. Deforestation is by-product of agriculture in which weRead MoreThe Organic Food Industry Has Changed Our Environment1203 Words   |  5 Pagestype of food, but at its core, organic farming and production involve techniques that are generally safer for the environment and for human consumption than conventional farming, including using only nonsynthetic pesticides. Proponents of organic farming stress the health benefits of cleaner foods and less chemical residue. In recent years, the food industry has seen a significant increase in the demand for organically grown foods over the alternative choice of conventionally grown food. In 1990Read MoreThe Effects Of Animal Agriculture On The Environment Essay941 Words   |  4 Pageswarming, it is also the leading cause of resource consumption and environmental degradation destroying the planet today.† (Andersen Kuhn, 2014). It is important, then, to consider the effects of animal agriculture on the environment. This essay will argue that animal agriculture is harmful to the environment in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, water- and land use, and that policies in the form of subsidizing plant foods, altering the Canada Food Guide, and creating plant based nutrition coachingRead MoreThe Organic Food Industry Has Re Implemented The Primitive Process Of Growing Food1064 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past few years, the food industry has seen a significant increase in the demand for organically grown foods over the alternative choice of conventionally grown food. In 1990, the revenue spent on organic foods was about $1 billion, in 2009 sales soared to $26.6 billion, and in 2014, sales reached the highest ever at $34.7 billion .The cause of the increase in demand can be attributed to the common belief that organic foods are healthier for human consumption, and healthier for our environmentRead MoreThe Modification Of The Earth By Human Action760 Words   |  4 Pagesarable land due to the specific of Asian, European, and new continental system of agriculture and their respective paths of agricultural productivity increases. Meanwhile, land-use change become quite different process in the second industrial revolution. A competition between agricultural and non-agricultural land use emerged at the industrial level of technology. Land gradually became less important as a resource for food production and forestry, and increasingly used for other purposes, such as industrialRead MoreThe Dietary Guidelines On The Consumption Of Saturated Fats1563 Words   |  7 PagesFor decades, the US Dietary Guidelines on the consumption of saturated fats has been suggesting that consumers should be mindful of how dangerous they are to the human body and take active steps to reduce these fats in their diets (American Heart Association). This advice is usually presented as the claim that increased cholesterol levels and their adverse health effect can be attributed to these â€Å"harmful† fatty substances. However, scientific research is forcing a change of perspective on how saturatedRead MoreGenetic Engineering An d The Canadian Regulation968 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease the productivity of the fruit when when a virus is widespread (â€Å"Genetically modified Papayas with virus resistance,† 2006). Studies show that genetically engineered papayas are approved for consumption in both Canada and the United states. Moreover, another benefit to transgenic organisms in agriculture is that it enhances crop protection. Many farmers and agricultural industries use crop-protection technologies to provide solutions for pest problems. Crops such as potato, cotton, and corn haveRead MoreA Bittersweet Situation Of The Food Industry Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pagesaware that junk foods are bad for their health, but they continue to eat it anyway. The vicious cycle of the purchasing and consumption of processed foods is perpetuated by the fast paced American lifestyle. Therefore, people are continuously eating foods that are detrimental to their health. Americans should reduce the amount of process ed foods that they consume because an excess of processed food negatively affects their health. A large portion of companies in the American food industry are more

Group development Free Essays

This summary is about the group development phases- forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. These five stages will help me work as a group and as a team member. Forming is taking time to get to know each other and picking a team leader. We will write a custom essay sample on Group development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Storming is when each team member has an opinion in what they’ll do in the group project, like choosing what part of the group assignment they’ll have. Norming is sharing ideas as a group; as the group begins to form they start focusing in their own assign work and start working to create the project. Performing is when the team has got to know trust each other well. They’ll be able to review the project as a team and if they have disagreement they’ll be able to fix them as a group. Adjourning is when the project is coming to an end and the team has work hard for this last stage and know their work was a success; a celebration may happen as the groups work pays off. The differences between a group and a team are that a team is larger than a group. A team takes a strong leader to lead the team. A team needs the best players to win the big win. They’ll need the strongest players, best players, and the commit players. A group can be anybody that’s willing to work together as a group to help with the work. Anybody can be in a group small or tall old or young. A group doesn’t take strong players but commit worker. A group takes a leader to lead the team and the leader will get them to the end. In the beginning group sections weren’t all that bad until high school started. I wasn’t very good with group projects since I was a quite person and didn’t commutate much. My strengths in a group project would be my creativity in art. I’m a good artist, making posters and drawing the pictures in a group project is what I’m good at. My best work would have to do with the crevity of art and design it for the fun of it. My weakness or my challenging roles would be putting the group together as a whole. In a way I prefer working alone so I don’t have to deal with the other students but, I know this will help me keep learning as it progress. I wouldn’t like to put myself in a leader’s role nor a captain’s position since they have to give orders; I get nerves speaking in front of people and I believe this are some of my challenging roles. My weaknesses are being shy with others but since this is online I think it makes it easy for me to express my thoughts. What makes a great group is when everybody has their own part to work on. For example I like drawing so I will like to have the posters and drawing parts. Everybody needs to work together to make this group happen and succeed. The importations in a group project are staying together as a team. Working in groups help people learn more by putting everyone’s ideas together and using them in the group project. Two heads are better than one right? I find it important for workers/students to work in groups because it helps them combine the ideas together and turn them into something more. I feel like the group will help me see and learn the positive sides in group projects. As my learning style results I’m more likely to work hands on but since the group meetings are online I find it a little difficult. I’m good at learning by doing and seeing examples and I will fine this changeling and helpful in the same time. I’m up for the challenge. How to cite Group development, Essay examples

Chick Fil a free essay sample

How do you convince consumers to try a â€Å"healthier† tastey chicken sandwich instead of buying â€Å"fast food? † SOLUTION: Cause a spectacle Background Chick-fil-A’s signature product is the chicken sandwich, served primarily during the lunchtime daypart. This means the restaurant chain competes on one of the fiercest battlegrounds – the fast food restaurant market. When compared to giants such as McDonald’s, Burger King and Wendy’s, Chick-filA is outnumbered in store count nearly 4 to 1 and outspent in media tenfold. Moreover, each of these chains has already etched distinct images in the minds of consumers. The vast majority of fast food outlets sell hamburgers as their primary food product, and usually resort to price promotions and movie tie-ins to attract customers. This competition has had a profound effect on business. Industry-wide flat pricing and rapid store growth have held average sales increases to under 2% a store for several years running. In contrast, Chick-fil-A’s attraction is not price or convenience, but the taste of their chicken sandwiches – a â€Å"healthier† alternative to hamburgers. We will write a custom essay sample on Chick Fil a or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In test research surveys, consumers spoke quite favorably about the chain’s product during aided brand awareness. Faced with these â€Å"David vs. Goliath† odds, Chick-fil-A gave its advertising agency, The Richards Group, a tough assignment – develop an integrated advertising and marketing campaign that clearly positions Chick-fil-A as a preferred alternative in the burger-dominated fast food marketplace. Marketing Goals Without increasing its budget, Chick-fil-A wanted its marketing effort to: †¢ Achieve a sales increase per store double that of the industry standard †¢ Increase total ad awareness by 10 percentage points †¢ Increase the loyal customer base from 23% to 30% †¢ Generate 5,000,000 impressions and $300,000 worth of free publicity Target Audience The Chick-fil-A target audience differs from the usual fast food clientele, which includes many teens and children. The market for chicken is skewed slightly adult, more female, and with a higher level of education and income than the hamburger market. Customers have a more active lifestyle and are likely to be in white-collar jobs. Mindful of these demographics, Chick-fil-A avoided the usual fast food locations to build its restaurants. Instead it chose to operate in suburban malls and neighborhoods with a high concentration of its target customers.

XDSL Technology Essay Example For Students

XDSL Technology Essay The accelerated growth of content rich applications and online gaming, which demand high bandwidth, has changed the nature of information networks. High-speed communication is now an ordinary requirement throughout business, government, academic, and home office environments. Internet access, telecommuting, and remote LAN access are three of the clearly defined services that network access providers are offering now. These rapidly growing applications are placing a new level of demand on the telephone infrastructure. In particular, the local loop portion of the network (i.e., the local connection from the subscriber to the local central office) has become a challenge for telephone companies. Historically, this local loop facility has been provisioned with copper cabling which cannot easily support high bandwidth transmission. This environment is now being stressed by the demand for increasingly higher bandwidth capacities. Although this infrastructure could be replaced by a massive r ollout of fiber technologies, the cost to do so would be insupportable in todays business models and, more importantly, the time to accomplish such a transition is unacceptable because the market demand exists today! Telephone companies are already faced with growing competition and unprecedented customer demandsA new category of companies, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), has emerged in this market as providers of data services. Traditionally ISPs have used the telephone company infrastructure. However, thanks to deregulation, they now have direct access to the physical cable plant. ISPs will be formidable competitors in this quest for the customers. Network service providers around the world fill this moment with great potential for remarkable success. We will write a custom essay on XDSL Technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A new technology called high-speed Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL) has emerged onto this scene. xDSL, which encompasses several different technologies, essentially allows the extension of megabit bandwidth capacities from the service provider central office to the customer premises on a customer by customer basis over the existing copper cabling, without the need for massive infrastructure replacement and at very reasonable costs. These new xDSL solutions satisfy the business need to provision the network in a fast, cost effective manner, while preserving the infrastructure and allowing a planned migration into newer technologies. xDSL has the ability to meet the customer demand for high bandwidth right now, at costs that make sense. xDSL is a group of emerging Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem technologies for supporting high-rate traffic transmission over POTS lines. X stands for asymmetric in ADSL, rate adaptive in RADSL, high-speed in HDSL, and very high speed in VDSL. xDSL Delivers Broadband over Copper The best thing about xDSL technologies is their ability to transport large amounts of information across existing copper telephone lines. This is possible because xDSL modems leverage signal processing techniques that insert and extract more digital data onto analog lines. The key is modulation, a process in which one signal modifies the property of another. ADSL Development and Deployment Progress Of all the emerging xDSL technologies, ADSL is receiving the most attention because there is a standard (DMT) for it, and its capabilities provide NSPs with a competitive offering to cable modems. But there is increasing interest in symmetrical xDSL offerings such as HDSL and SDSL. As a local access service, ADSL s implementation has no critical drawbacks. It can be deployed as an overlay network where there is subscriber demand, eliminating the need for NSPs to risk building out their infrastructure unnecessarily in the hope that the technology will catch on. ADSL development and deployment is focused primarily in North America, followed by northern Europe and the Pacific Rim. In North America, US West, GTE, Ameritech, SBC, BellSouth, and Edmonton Tel (Canada) are the service providers leading the current wave of ADSL/xDSL deployment. Covad, Northpoint, and a handful of other CLECs are entering high-density metropolitan areastypically offering a portfolio of xDSL offerings at different classes of service and price points, and competing with incumbent local exchange carriers. Chicago-based InterAccess was the first ISP to offer ADSL. Telia (Sweden), Telenor (Norway), British Telecom (UK), and Telfonica (Spain) are leading xDSL proponents in Europe. In the Pacific Rim, Telstra (Australia), Ho ng Kong Telecom, and Singtel (Singapore) are deploying xDSL for data and video applications. ADSL modems have been tested successfully by more than 40 telephone companies, and close to 50,000 lines have been installed in various technology trials and commercial deployments. Increasingly, alternative service providers such as enterprises, multi-tenant building owners, hospitality businesses (hotels and resorts), and office park developers are offering or considering offering ADSL to their users as private network operators. In early 90s xDSL technologies were tested by some of the regional Bell operating companies in the United States, as well as several European telephone companies. At that time, the driving applications behind xDSL were video on demand (VOD) and interactive TV (ITV). Those applications were seen as potentially explosive sources of revenue growth for the residential market. In 1995, interest shifted toward the online world and more specifically the World Wide Web. T he increasing demand for bandwidth with which to access the Web is one of the primary applications at which xDSL technologies are now targeted. However, xDSL technologies are also being looked at in conjunction with several other applications. These applications may produce a far greater revenue stream in near future compared to broadband Web access for residential market. Listed below are just a few examples of how xDSL technology can be utilized:Intranet access for organizations that are standardizing on a Web based, client server model is one of primary xDSL applications. An organization that has implemented an Intranet will require higher bandwidth afforded by xDSL in order to link their remote offices and telecommuters to the more demanding business oriented applications running on their private Web servers. xDSL technologies have the potential to prove far more effective in low cost, high throughput, LAN to LAN connectivity than ISDN or traditional leased lines. Since xDSL operates at the physical layer, it could emerge as the most cost effective method of carrying frame relay traffic from the service subscriver to the frame relay network. As with frame relay the xDSL technologies can also be used to carry ATM cells to an ATM access device, where they are statistically mulltiplexed over an ATM backbone. Digital Subscriber Line, or DSL, is fundamentally another name for an ISDN-BRI channel operating at the Basic Rate Interface with two 64 kbps switched channels and one 16 kbps packet switching and signaling channel. This circuit can carry both voice and data in both directions at the same time. xDSL refers to those various arrangements in which advanced modulating techniques are imposed onto the local channel in order to derive higher throughput in one or both directions. The various types of xDSL are described in the following paragraphs. High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) derives its name from the high bandwidth that is transmitted in both directions over two copper loops. HDSL has proven to be a reliable and cost effective means for providing repeater-less T1 and E1 services over two twisted pair loops. This proven technology has already resulted in the deployment of over 300,000 HDSL equipped circuits throughout the local access infrastructure. HDSL transceivers can reliably transmit a 2.048 Mbps data signal over two non-loaded, 24 gauge (0.5mm), unconditioned twisted wire pair loops at a distance of up to 13 kft (4.2 km) without the need for repeaters. Eliminating the need for repeater equipment and removal of bridged taps significantly simplifies the labor and engineering effort to provision the service. This attribute eliminates the need to identify, modify, and verify a controlled environment, with power, secured access, and other factors needed to support repeater equipment. It also reduces the time, cost, and effort of isolating faults and taking corrective action when a failure does occur. Studies by some service providers have indicated that trouble shooting and replacing defective repeater equipment often costs significantly more than the cost of the equipment itself. These attributes translate into increased network up time and reduced engineering time; making possible T1 provisioning in a matter of days, as opposed to weeks. Faster service provisioning and greater up time leads to increased customer satisfaction and increased service revenues. To provision a 12 kft (3.6 km) local loop with traditional T1 transmission equipment requires two transceivers and two repeaters. To provision the same loop with HDSL, requires only two HDSL transceivers, one at each end of a line. .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 , .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .postImageUrl , .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 , .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56:hover , .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56:visited , .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56:active { border:0!important; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56:active , .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Civil Rights Movement EssaySingle-pair or Symmetric High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (S-HDSL/SDSL) operate on a single copper pair as opposed to the traditional two pair HDSL described above. S-HDSL/SDSL allows easy implementation of applications that require symmetric data rates on a single local loop while maintaining the existing POTS on the same loop. Because only one pair is needed in this arrangement, the capacity of the entire local loop infrastructure is greatly magnified. With this capability, local providers can extract the maximum value from their existing plant, or deploy new capacities both more quickly and at a lower capital expenditure. This allows for rapid and cost effective deployment of intermediate data rate services. Potential uses for this technology include fractional T1 with a particular advantage in 768 kbps systems, Home Office, LAN Access, Distance Learning, Internet Access, and Campus or Large Facility LAN to LAN connectivity. Since S-HDSL/SDSL can be implemented with and without POTS and at multiple data rates, it can have different capacity and reach limitations. This allows for easy, cost effective implementation of such services as remote cell site support of PCs, remote LAN access, distance education and training, digital imaging, or any other service which requires a larger amount of bandwidth. Probably the most common xDSL type is Asymmetric Digital Subscriber, which takes its name from the comparatively high bandwidth in one direction, with low bandwidth in the opposite direction. ADSL uses a single phone line for transmission. Many service providers have also come to recognize its potential to support a range of data applications. Additionally, ADSLs ability to operate at speeds of up to 6 Mbps positions it to support real time broadcast services and pre-recorded interactive video services; and to have multiple video and data activities underway simultaneously. ADSL supports applications with asymmetric traffic demands such as:Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL) is a simple extension of ADSL used to encompass and support a wide variety of data rates depending on the lines transmission characteristics. This is advantageous in situations in which there is a lower bandwidth demand and in situations in which the line quality is less than needed for full bandwidth implementations. Very High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) provides very high bandwidth asymmetrically (up to 52 Mbps in one direction and 2 Mbps in the other) to businesses and residences with broadband access requirements over a Fiber-To-The-Curb (FTTC) network. Within the FTTC architecture, VDSL will address the last section of copper cabling to the subscriber premises. Typical distance and implementation of VDSL is 1 km @ 26 Mbps. Unfortunately, this type of xDSL is not very common because of lack of FTTC networks available today. XDSL signals are designed to maximize the rate of transmission of digital signals through non loaded twisted pairs, making use of bandwidths that can be greater than 1MHz, much greater than the 3000Hz or so allocated for voice transmission. There are several types of xDSL signal in commercial use today. Each signal type is implemented in circuitry with accompanying software, called a transceiver. The transceiver design includes the encoding or modulation scheme along with decoding or demodulation applied to convert serial binary data streams into a form suitable for transmission through twisted wire pairs. The transceivers may also employ various signal processing, equalization, amplification, and shaping techniques to adapt transmission for physical attenuation and phase distortions experienced by signals transmitted through twisted wire pairs. The transceiver software and circuitry may also use coding techniques to detect and correct noise that is present on a twisted wire pair. A variety of signal processing techniques have been developed over the past10 years to increase the bit rate of digital transmission through telephone loop twisted pairs. The following sections will describe these technologies. The DSL acronym was first used as shorthand to refer to the line code designed to support basic rate integrated services digital network (ISDN) transmission through twisted wire pair loops. The ISDN basic rate signal is required to carry an information payload of 144kbps, consisting of two B channels of 64kbps each and one packet data or D channel of 16kbps added for framing, error detection, and other overhead functions. The ISDN line of U interface operates at a raw data rate of 160kbps. In the mid 1980s the T1 committee in the United States created a standard U interface using a four-level line code referred to as 2B1Q for two binary bits per symbol carried by a quaternary symbol design. 2B1Q line code was designed to support ISDN transmission through loops of 18000ft or less, meeting voltage pulses of +/- 875V and +/- 2.625V. The symbol rate is 80000 baud and the energy spectrum used by ISDN peaks at 40000Hz. The ISDN signal is transmitted in full duplex mode, bidirectionally on the same pair of wires. In order to accomplish this, transceivers must contain a hybrid function to separate the two directions of transmission. To help the receiver differentiate between far-end transmission and reflections of near-end transmission from irregularities in the twisted pair transmission line due to wire gauge changes and bridged taps, echo cancellation tecniquess are used. The range of operation of ISDN is dictated by both attenuation and self near-end crosstalk (NEXT) from adjacent 2B1Q ISDN signals. The 2B1Q line code is sometimes referred to as a baseband signal because it uses energy in frequencies down to zero, overlapping with the voice frequency band. In order to carry voice through a DSL, the voice signal is digitized using PCM techniques and carried in one of the B channels. In ISDN applications the D channel is reserverd for data packets that are primarily used for call processing. In carrying simultaneous voice and data the ISDN basic rate line carries a maximum of 64kbps of data. In the absence of voice, both B channels may be bonded together to increase the data capacity to 128kbps. Both ends of an ISDN connection must use the same bonding protocol. ISDN connections are made by dialed access though a local digital switch that also terminates voice lines. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) utilizes amplitude and phase modulation to transmit multiple bits per baud. Unmodulated signal exhibits only two possible states allowing us only to transmit a zero or a one. With QAM, it is possible to transmit many more bits per state as there are many more states. This scheme utilizes a signal that can be synthesized by summing amplitude modulated cosine and sine waves. These two components, being 90 deg out of phase, are called quadrature, hence the name Quadrature Amplitude Modulation . By combining amplitude and phase modulation of a carrier signal, we can increase the number of states and thereby transmit more bits per every state change. .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f , .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f .postImageUrl , .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f , .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f:hover , .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f:visited , .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f:active { border:0!important; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f:active , .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27e023a7743fadf385f488d3be07d06f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Portrait of a Beautiful Woman EssayCarrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation technique is closely related to QAM in that amplitude and phase are used to represent the binary signal. The difference between CAP and QAM lies in the state representation of the constellation pattern. CAP does not use a carrier signal to represent the phase and amplitude changes. Rather, two waveforms are used to encode the bits. The encoder replaces a stream of digital data with a complex equation that symbolizes a point on the constellation diagram. Thus, for a 32-CAP, there would be 32 possible locations on the diagram, all of which can be represented as a vector consisting of real and imaginary coordinates. Consequently, 32-CAP would result in 32 distinct equations of the type, each one representing five bits of data. CAP modulation is very suitable for use with ADSL. The spectrum from 0 to 4 kHz, voice band, is designated for plain old telephone services (POTS). Downstream (ATU-C to ATU-R), the spectrum from 26 kHz to 1.1 MHz is further divided into 249 discrete channels. Upstream (ATU-R to ATU-C), the spectrum above the POTS band consists of 25 channels between 26 kHz and 138 kHz. Echo canceling between the downstream and upstream signals permits reuse of these sub-channels. With the exception of carriers used for timing, each carrier is capable of carrying data. However, only those carriers with sufficient signal to noise ratio (SNR) are allocated payload for transmission. Each transmitting carrier is allotted a bit count and transmit power, based on the characteristics of the sub-channel. This results in an optimized data transfer rate for the current line c onditions. DMT allocates bits and transmission power away from the induced noise. The advantages of this process are an optimized data rate and less interference with other services existing in the same sheath, due to the symmetrical nature of induced crosstalk. The DMT technique exhibits a high degree of spectral compatibility based on power spectral density, rather than absolute transmit power. DMT has a substantial advantage over single carrier modulation systems in the presence of impulse noise. DMT spreads impulses over a large number of bits, averaging peaks. Only if the average exceeds the margin does DMT produce an error single carrier systems will error every time a peak exceeds the margin. Discrete wavelet multitone (DWMT) technology increases the usable capacity of telephone wires and coaxial cable, allowing telephone companies and cable operators to deliver two-way broadband telecommunications services over their existing networks. DWMT uses Multicarrier Modulation. A multicarrier system uses a transmission band efficiently by dividing it into hundreds of subchannels that are totally independent and spectrally isolated. In practice, implementations of multicarrier systems use orthogonal digital transformations on blocks of data, a process called subchannelization, in an attempt to achieve the frequency partitioning shown in the figure below. By keeping the signal subchannel power contained in a narrow bandwidth, each subchannel occupies only a small fraction of the total transmission band and overlaps only with immediately adjacent subchannels. When a signal is transmitted over a long copper loop (e.g. several miles), the higher frequency components of the signal att enuate significantly more (tens of dB) than the lower frequency components. Narrowband interferers from AM or amateur radio signals also affect the transmission by destroying the signal in parts of the band. Multicarrier technology, called Discrete Wavelet Multitone (DWMT), provides subchannel isolation that is superior to DMT. DWMT uses an advanced digital wavelet transform instead of the Fourier transform used in DMT. The T1.413 standard for ADSL defines two categories of modems: frequency division multiplex (FDM) modems (Category I) and echo cancellation modems (Category II). FDM systems allocate separate frequency bands for upstream and downstream transmissions. Echo canceled systems send upstream and downstream signal over the same frequencies. Since the attenuation of a signal over a copper line increases with frequency, it is desirable to transmit data using a frequency band that is as low as possible. In an ADSL system, the lowest attenuated frequencies begin right after the POTS band. In FDM system, the lower frequency band is used for upstream transmission while the downstream transmissions are allocated to the higher attenuated frequencies. Some xDSL transceivers use echo cancellation (similar to the echo cancellation utilized in the standard V.34 28.8kbps duplex modem) to exploit the lower attenuated frequencies and increase its downstream performance. By utilizing the lower frequencies for both upstream and downstream performance, the transceiver can deliver higher downstream performance, particularly on the longer loops where the higher frequencies become severely attenuated. In an effort to promote interoperability among FDM and EC systems, the echo-canceled transceivers can be configured to operate in an FDM mode in order to communicate with a category I (FDM) modem. The twisted pair wire between the telephone central office and end users of telecommunication services has a great deal more information capacity than used for the regular voice services. Several baseband and passband transmission systems collectively referred to as xDSL, have been developed over the last ten years that enable up to several megabits per second of data to be carried over the regular telephone twisted pair line. The xDSL family of technologies provides a wide variety of line driving schemes to accomplish and satisfy different market needs over todays infrastructure. xDSL has application in both the corporate and residential environments as well as flexibility to meet the market challenges. Since xDSL operates at the physical layer of OSI seven layer standard, it can be used in conjunction with ATM and Frame Relay technology. The most promising of the xDSL technologies for integrated Internet access, intranet access, remote LAN access, video-on-demand, and lifeline POTS applications in the near term is ADSL or R-ADSL (a rate-adaptive version of ADSL). During the past year, ADSL has concluded trials by more than 40 network service providers throughout the world, primarily in North America and northern Europe. Service introduction began in 1997, but ADSL service is still being rolled out in many areas. In the meantime, xDSL technologies and standards will continue to evolve, as will user demand for these emerging services relative to other local access service alternatives. The ability to utilize the existing telephone copper wire infrastructure as well as interoperability with ATM and Frame Relay technology, position xDSL as the most promising of the broadband access technology options for both residential and business users1.Marlis Humphrey and John Freeman, How XDSL Supports Broadband Services to the Home, IEEE Network., vol. 11, no. 1, Jan-Feb 1997, p. 14-23. 2.George T. Hawley, Systems Considerations for the use of XDSL Technology for Data Acce ss, IEEE Communication, vol. 35, no. 3, Mar 1997, p. 56-60. 3.Bhumip Khasnabish, Broadband to the Home (BTTH): Architectures, Access Methods, and the Appetite for it, IEEE Communication, vol. 35, no. 3, Mar 1997, p. 58-69 4.ADSL Forum website , www.adsl.com 5.Analog Devices website, www.analog.com Bibliography:1.Marlis Humphrey and John Freeman, How XDSL Supports Broadband Services to the Home, IEEE Network., vol. 11, no. 1, Jan-Feb 1997, p. 14-23. 2.George T. Hawley, Systems Considerations for the use of XDSL Technology for Data Access, IEEE Communication, vol. 35, no. 3, Mar 1997, p. 56-60. 3.Bhumip Khasnabish, Broadband to the Home (BTTH): Architectures, Access Methods, and the Appetite for it, IEEE Communication, vol. 35, no. 3, Mar 1997, p. 58-69 4.ADSL Forum website , www.adsl.com 5.Analog Devices website, www.analog.com 6.Kimo website, www.kimo.com 7.Westell website, www.westell.com

European History Term Paper Topics

European History Term Paper Topics History term papers are very common these days. They represent students knowledge on the history subject and also show the ability of a student to study, find information, develop writing skills, and make him think on a specific aspect of history as well as express his own ideas and thoughts towards a specific history term paper topic. However, a history term paper topic involves a lot of effort and is very time consuming. Not every student can succeed in writing a history term paper.   Some students are better at math, and others are more proficient in writing papers. It’s just how the whole system is created. And some academic institutions are very strict about academic papers and history term papers, and require good history term papers from every student, which is basically unreasonable. If you are ordered to write a paper on European history term paper topics, and you are not proficient in writing papers – then you have a problem. CustomWritings.com offers assistance in writing papers on various European history term paper topics. If you feel that you lack creativity and writing skills to write a good paper for your history class – leave it to us, professionals. We will manage to write a sound paper on any European history term paper topic. Why not let a professional writer write a term paper for you, and make it seem as it was written by you? CustomWritings.com is a professional custom European history term paper writing service. We have gathered a great team of skilful writers, who will gladly help you with any European history term paper topic. If you still are in a desperate need of assistance, however wish to struggle for the grade yourself – you might find useful our European history term paper topic writing tips. We have gathered common and general information to give you an idea how to write a good European history term paper, and make sure you are on the right track. A history paper in general – is a paper, where you gather all information on the topic, and express your own thoughts towards this topic. SO basically, you must divide your paper into 2 equal parts. The first part is where you do the research on the topic and gather information on the things that have happened in the history of Europe, and the second part, where you express yourself, and show the reader how you feel about the events that have happened. In order to succeed in writing a European history term paper, you have to be able to pick a specific European history term paper topic, and address all issues in it. Make sure that the topic is not vague, as you have to fit the European history term paper into a limited amount of pages, and if you choose a vague European history term paper topic – you won’t be able to do that. If you are having a hard time coming up with a good European history term paper topic – try asking for advice your professor. He will tell you what to write about. But be careful, he might remember the European history term paper topic he gave you, and you will be forced to write a paper on a given topic. If he gives you a hard topic – you will be forced to write about it.

Popular Resistance to Peter's Reforms (Peter the Great) Essay

Popular Resistance to Peter's Reforms (Peter the Great) - Essay Example Furthermore effect of these measures widened the gap between the peasant masses and propertied classes that had already appeared in the previous century, and would surely lead to the upper classes’ entire isolation and social outburst. Russian society of that time was grounded on the contract of service. Noblemen and the church had right to own the serfs and land. In turn they owed service to the state in the person of the Tsar. Initially there had been two groups of them. The first one comprised those who held their land possessions in perpetuity while those of another group held lands on a service basis. Nevertheless by the beginning of the eighteenth century hardly all of estates had become hereditary. In 1714 Peter recognized this change legally however required all entitled to serve. (Grey 356) To the propertied classes service meant first of all military service. However they had hated the old-fashion militia from which they used to be dispersed to their homes as soon as a campaign was over, they disliked the new regular army, because in it their duties proved to be much heavier. The only way to from the newly imposed service was injury or old age. Moreover Peter established the rule that no more than one third of the members of any noble family was allowed to serve in lucrative and relatively quite civil service while the others were compelled to serve either in the navy or in the army. Although many noblemen fit for military service did their best to evade military service, the summary enrollments and service registers were constantly being revised so such evasions were increasingly difficult. Being aware of the propertied classes’ ability to render state service effectively, Peter also paid close attention to the peasantry who bore the greater portion of his fundamental reforms’ burden. The peasantry provided recruits, paid taxes and the most of the labor. Having subjugated landowners to the military supervision, Peter thus increas ed their powers making the peasants’ escape more difficult and extending their bondage. In accordance with imperial ukase (edict) of November 26, 1718 the army in addition to its military duties was charged with the policing ones as well. Army officers became responsible thus for supervising local officials, pursuing of vagabonds and robber bands and for catching runaway peasants. The latter suffered most. They were forbidden to move without approval of army authorities and written permission of their immediate masters. Although the officers acted cruelly ordering executions and knouting for failure to pay there were not too many of peasants who fled or dared revolt against their masters or against the military. As a whole Russian peasantry went on serving and laboring with inconceivable fortitude Hardly the only escape for peasants from hard labour, recruiting and from taxes was flight. Although tolerant to inhuman oppressive policies Russian peasantry had an instinctive urg e to roam and to seek new lands free from oppression. The vast underpopulated expanse of Russia has always offered plenty of opportunities for the wanderer and colonizer yet made the labor force extremely unreliable and successive Russian governments have passed measures tying the peasants to the soil they tilled. It is no wonder that the number of escapes increased dramatically during Petrian reforms. In 1699 over 300 families from Voronezh

Rp Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rp - Research Paper Example Effectiveness or ineffectiveness of hedging can be measured using either the Dollar Offset or Regression Analysis methods. A highly effective hedge relationship falls within the negative 80%-125% range. A risk hedging with a resultant cumulative dollar offset percentage above 80% indicates that the hedging has been effective (Catlere 18-20). On the dollar offset, a performance below 80% indicates ineffectiveness of the hedging. A person may wish to hedge his products by selling them a month earlier to the predicted start of lower prices. With a better price predicted to follow the time of low prices, the businessman goes ahead and futures the hedged products at their current low prices to resell later at the expected higher price (Catlere 46). An ineffective hedging will take place when one sells his products at the current prices preempting the imminent fall of prices, but instead the prices rise. The hedged products will experience a loss as compared to the situation where they wer e not hedged (RheinlaÃÅ'ˆnder 54-5). Swap rates or interest rates swap is the floating rate that one counterparty pays on the basis of the agreed-upon index while the other pays a permanent rate for the whole period of the contract (McFetridge 36). Sources: university of California Medical Center Pooled Revenue Bonds, 2007 series A, B, and C, Official Statements; University of California Annual Financial Report, 2010-2011; University of California general Revenue Bonds, 2011 Series Y, Z, and AA, Official

The positive and negative influences has televisions had on your Essay

The positive and negative influences has televisions had on your society - Essay Example Before television was around, news was reported by radio or in the next day's newspaper. There were no moving images. There was no opportunity to watch sport games or see presidents speak. There were real limitation to the amount of information a person at home could receive. Now, however, that has changed. Television lets us see the world like never before. We have a real opportunity to watch events develop in real time. The recent revolution in Egypt is a great example of this: it was possible to watch the square where protestors gathered night and day. Viewers could watch as the protestors were attacked by Molotov cocktails. These images brought the facts into vivid life. There are many other aspects which are positive. There are those who say television is bad for children. But scientific studies disagree. The economists found that television was especially positive for children in households where English wasn't the primary language and parents' education level was lower. "We do n't exactly know why that is, but a plausible interpretation is that the effect of television on cognitive development depends on what other kinds of activity television is substituting for," says Mr. Shapiro, 28. Growing up in the 1950s, Sonia Manzano, who plays Maria on "Sesame Street," was part of the first generation of children who watched television. Born in the South Bronx to Spanish-speaking Puerto Rican parents, she says that television "gave me a view of the world -- it gave me sort of a sense of what it was to be an American and what that was about." (Lahart). Television can open up whole new worlds to our children. There are trashy shows, no doubt, but there are also shows of substantial value. The difference is one of parenting. There is such a variety of kinds of programs, from documentaries to educational shows, that one can always learn something from television (Williams, 78). There are, however, a number of negative aspects to TV that are important to note. Televis ion can be a big waste of time. Many reality TV programs and entertainment news shows are glitzy and glamourous but impart no real knowledge. They are pointless and a waste of time. Many people spend hours in front of the TV when they should be getting exercise or acting in productive ways. Many children who watch TV can be negatively influenced by what they see. So many shows feature violent scenarios or the commission of crimes that children can get the wrong idea about how they should behave. They may learn to swear or drink alcohol by watching popular TV shows. Again, parenting is very important to help avoid this problem. Television can also be used to influence people in a negative way through propaganda. Television shows do not always show the truth and many people believe what they see on their screens. This is an unfortunate state of affairs. Governments try to use TV to manipulate their people, feeding them a diet of lies. Because TV images and stories can often seem so re al—which is why we watch so many dramas on our little screens—they can be incredibly powerful. Sometimes, there is not an intention behind the manipulation. Sometimes real important discussions are not seen to be entertaining enough, and are therefore kept off the air (Bourdieu, 3). Like with everything in life, there are good aspects of technology

My sociological imagination

My sociological imagination Before going through this weeks reading and into todays lecture, I hadnt yet come across the concept of the sociological imagination. Although the concept is seemingly new to me, it is likely that I have been using my sociological imagination for several years now especially whilst studying Society and Culture for my Higher School Certificate in years 11 and 12 at high school. In the subject, I can recall doing numerous case studies such as looking at the red light district in Calcutta, India as well as research assignments on topics like the stolen generation and my major work, the personal interest project on the stems of homophobic attitudes. To complete this work to the best of my potential, I was definitely thinking with my sociological imagination. I would define the sociological imagination as the art of objectifying a situation so that you are able form a view that captures it as a whole. It is thus a holistic way of thinking and ability of incorporating all elements as well as backgrounds and contexts into what you may be researching. The sociological imagination is an important frame of mind for a sociologist or anthropologist to be able to effectively assess a situation. C.W. Mills expresses this holistic idea of shaping the complete picture throughout this weeks reading, The Promise. While the text was written in 1959, his views and ideas of sociological imaginative practice are still very much relevant in 21st Century context of analysing social and cultural situations. The social sciences now commonly use this idea to explore such issues as social structures (e.g. Indias social class system), welfare problems (e.g. domestic violence) or health concerns (e.g. drug and alcohol addiction and abuse). An interesting statement Mills makes about the sociological imagination featured on page 15 is The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. Here he is stating that we are not able to understand or formulate solutions for the biography of certain situations without take into consideration history, be that of a place, a person, a theory or even anything you wish to analyse. We must look at what has been in order to comprehend what is. Take for example a 45 year old female suffering from heart disease, it seems their life is quite active and their diet is balanced but why are they in need of a bypass operation to clear a blockage in an artery? Well one of the first question doctors would ask is if there is a history of heart disease in the family. Doctors here use their sociological imagination to understand the patients condition and it seems genetics and the historical background of her family is what is contr ibuting to her life now. Also on page 15 of The Promise, Mills puts forward a further thought about the sociological imagination: For that imagination is the capacity to shift from one perspective to another from political to the psychological. Mills here is examining framing perspectives and the sociological imagination giving you the ability of seeing things from differing perspectives. Putting yourself in another persons frame of mind or in their circumstances makes a situation much easier to comprehend. We can see something from a feminist perspective, a Marxist perspective, a scientific perspective, a postmodernist perspective or even seeing things from a childs perspective, the list is endless. A jury takes a number of people from many different social, cultural and historical backgrounds in order for them to find a defendant guilty or not guilty. The idea is that all of these perspectives collaborate to form the correct verdict to determine the fate of a defendant. Mills consolidates why we must make use of our sociological imagination on page 17 by stating Accordingly, to understand the changes of many personal milieux we are required to look beyond them. He raises the idea here that you must look beyond ones milieux, environment and surroundings to be able to comprehend and analyse their identity thoroughly. In the Up Series video excerpt shown in todays lecture consolidated that Mills theory about looking past a persons environment is extremely valid. Based in Britain during the 1960s we saw fourteen children from varied socioeconomic backgrounds come together to determine whether or their social class will play a role in preordaining their future. It became particularly clear of their economic circumstances when the children were asked what theyd like to be when they grow up. One boy from an upper class background replies with I want to go to Oxford University whilst a boy from the lower class asks what is a university? Looking beyond these childrens backgrounds and paths that may or may not be planned by the childrens parents, it became clear that these children do hold many of the same characteristics regardless of social status. For instance, they all were able to successfully interact at a party together as well as being capable of playing with each other at an adventure playground. Children were essentially being children. By thinking with the sociological imagination I am able to discover the full scope of a situation and formulate a thorough holistic opinion. As I am studying a Bachelor of Social Work at UNSW, it will be important if not fundamental technique for me to make use of whilst completing my degree looking at case studies, writing assignments as well as when on work placement and most importantly in my future career as a social worker.

Women In Western Society Essay -- essays research papers

WOMEN IN WESTERN SOCIETY Since the beginning of mankind women have been dominated by men. They were to obey and serve man. Their main role in society was to bear children, take care of the household and to be loyal and faithful to their husbands. They were to remain subjects to males. Many viewed women as slaves to man and that should be placed in a household where they belong because women could not perform the tasks of men. During the renaissance family played a crucial role for women. Parents, often to strengthen business and to tighten family bonds arranged many marriages. The male figure was the head of the family. He had authority over everyone. He was in charge and managed of all legal and finical problems. The woman managed only the household. Due to the arranged marriages, women had no emotional feelings for their husbands, which led to temptations. Women were sometimes killed for having an affair, where as men were aloud to have a mistress. Most women family life was their only destiny. Witchcraft affected the lives of many women during the 16th and 17th century. Lots of women were burned at the stake for being accused of being a witch. Most witchcraft trials women of the lower classes were most likely to be accused of witchcraft. But by the mid 17th century this witchcraft craze was starting to vanish. The Enlightenment questioned the role of women. For centuries men have dominated what the role of women should be. Many male writers believed that that women were lower intellectually value to men. But there were some philosophies, which showed some positive feed back for women. They argued that women were capable of all that men are. It was the woman thinkers who added new perspectives to the women question by suggesting better improvements for woman. Those thinkers believed that woman should be better educated. They should be able to learn what men are learning. A English writer Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was the fonder of modern European feminism. She began the women movement arguing the rights of women. She declared, that women should have equal rights with education and in economic and political life. During the French Revolution woman began to show that they weren't afraid anymore. After the Declaration of Rights of Man and citizen on August 26, 1789. Women started questioning themselves , do this rights include women. These law br... ...were women because men believed that women's natural role was to take care of children. There was still being paid lower salaries. In 1830, a number of women in United States and Europe worked together in several movements. They wanted more improvement for women. They wanted to secure divorce and property laws. Some women were able to get access to higher education. First they took over teaching them the medical field. This movement soon entered the political world. They believed women should have the right to vote. Only in a few countries and states the women won. Both Mussolini and Hitler believed that women should stay home and bear children. They both wanted women out of the work force. The women worked to hard to get where they are. No dictator would drive them out. They both failed. After World War 2 things started to change. Women made up lots of the work force. They occupied the same traditional jobs. But salaries still didn't change; they were being paid less then men. Many women still faced inequality. They still had to raise a family. They were many women protests after the war. After all the battles and protests women finally got what they deserved a right to vote.